José Ortega y Gasset (9 May 1883 – 18 October 1955) was a leading Spanish philosopher and essayist of the 20th century. Developing a philosophy of ‘vital reason’ (razón vital) and perspectivism, he bridged German neo-Kantianism and existential phenomenology.
His famous dictum from Meditations on Quixote (1914)—’I am I and my circumstance; and if I do not save it, I do not save myself’—captures the interdependence of individual freedom and historical responsibility.